双重糖尿病 - 当1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病相遇时:定义,病原和识别
Weronika Bielka1, Agnieszka Przezak2, Piotr Molęda2
1Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-009, Police, Poland. weronika.bielka@wp.pl.
Cardiovascular diabetology
|February 10, 2024
概括
双重糖尿病 (DD) 结合了1型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗,增加了并发症的风险. 了解DD机制和识别诊断标记对于有效的管理和治疗至关重要.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 代谢疾病 代谢疾病
- 糖尿病研究 糖尿病研究
背景情况:
- 区分1型糖尿病 (T1D) 和2型糖尿病 (T2D) 是一个挑战,因为重叠的特征.
- 双重糖尿病 (DD) 或1.5型糖尿病的概念描述了T1D与同时存在的胰岛素抵抗,通常与代谢综合征有关.
- 不管血糖控制如何,DD存在诊断困境,并且与微型和宏观血管并发症的风险更高有关.
研究的目的:
- 审查不断变化的定义和对双重糖尿病的当前理解.
- 在DD的背景下探索胰岛素抵抗和T1D之间的关系.
- 建议使用可访问的临床标志物识别DD的方法,并讨论潜在的治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 关于双重糖尿病的定义和特征的文献综述.
- 分析代谢综合征和T1D之间的关联.
- 在临床实践中讨论胰岛素抵抗的间接标志物.
- 对DD的潜在辅助疗法的审查.
主要成果:
- 对DD的定义已经演变,代谢综合征越来越被认为是关键特征.
- 在T1D个体中,胰岛素耐药性对分类和管理提出了重大挑战.
- 间接标记可以帮助在临床环境中识别DD,指导治疗决策.
结论:
- 精确识别和理解DD机制是必不可少的,因为它与增加的并发症风险有关.
- 需要进一步研究DD的病理生理学,以制定有针对性的预防和治疗策略.
- 临床实践可以从使用间接标记来早期检测DD和考虑辅助疗法中获益.
相关概念视频
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
937
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
937
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.4K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.6K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
544
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
544
Carbohydrate Metabolism
11.1K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.1K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
285
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
285


