青少年能力并发症:协议,未满足的需求,发育不成熟,FASD和并发症
1Tulane Law School, New Orleans, LA, USA.
American journal of law & medicine
|February 12, 2024
概括
在青少年中未被诊断的胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 复杂化了法律能力评估. 在精神病学评估之前进行标准化心理测试对于准确的法律和司法系统结果至关重要.
科学领域:
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 法律医学 法律医学
背景情况:
- 目前国家对能力评估的协议缺乏标准化,特别是在对潜在发育不成熟的青少年的评估方面.
- 未诊断的胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 在法律和精神病学评估中存在重大挑战,导致对认知和行为功能的潜在误解.
- 最近的国际研究表明,在被监禁的年轻人中,FASD的患病率很高,突出了司法系统内识别的关键差距.
研究的目的:
- 倡导国家能力评估的统一协议,包括未被诊断的FASD和青少年发育不成熟的具体考虑.
- 解决目前评估中存在的差异,原因是精神病学精神状态检查之前没有强制性心理测试.
- 强调美国少年和成人刑事司法系统需要进行系统性改革,以识别和适应患有FASD的青少年.
主要方法:
- 对现有的国家能力评估协议的审查.
- 对加拿大和澳大利亚监禁青少年中FASD识别的近期多学科研究的分析.
- 讨论高FASD流行率对美国司法系统的影响.
主要成果:
- 由于缺乏强制性心理测试,在能力评估中存在显著的差异.
- 国际研究表明,在被监禁的青少年群体中,FASD的流行率很高.
- 无法识别FASD导致青少年进入并通过刑事司法系统进步,而没有适当地承认他们的状况.
结论:
- 在精神病学评估之前实施标准化心理测试对于准确和公平的能力评估至关重要.
- 美国少年和成人刑事司法系统迫切需要进行系统性改革,以应对未被诊断的FASD高率.
- 早期识别和适当适应FASD个体对于防止司法误判和改善结果至关重要.
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