与基线免疫状况和PLWH中的突破性感染相关的Omicron BA.4/5中和细胞介导免疫反应:一个后续队列研究
Haoting Zhan1, Yuchen Xie2,3, Yongmei Liu1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Journal of medical virology
|February 12, 2024
概括
混合免疫,结合疫苗接种和突破性感染,在艾滋病毒感染者中提供对Omicron BA.4/5的增强保护. 这种免疫能增强中和抗体和T细胞反应,这对于在免疫受损人群中控制COVID-19至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 关于混合免疫的数据有限,特别是免疫抑制个体对Omicron变异的细胞介导反应.
- 艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 是一个脆弱群体,需要对COVID-19免疫力进行具体调查.
- 在中国重新开放后,Omicron BA.4/5成为流行变种,需要了解免疫反应.
研究的目的:
- 调查PLWH中与没有突破性感染 (BI) 的Omicron BA.4/5的幽默和细胞免疫反应.
- 在这个人群中确定保护的相关物质,包括中和抗体 (NAb),T细胞表型和记忆B细胞 (MBC).
- 为了比较单独接种疫苗的保护作用与对抗Omicron BA.4/5.5的混合免疫力.
主要方法:
- 招募了77名之前接受过无活化SARS-CoV-2疫苗的PLWH.
- 评估了血清免疫检测,T细胞表型和MBC在具有和没有BI的PLWH中,以及在那些再次感染的人中.
- 确定了对Omicron BA.4/5.5的中和抗体抑制率.
主要成果:
- 与没有BI的PLWH相比,BI的PLWH对BA.4/5的NAb抑制率较高.
- 在经过疫苗接种后感染的PLWH中,对Omicron反应的IL4+ CD8+ T细胞显著增加.
- 中间的MBC水平与保护作用有关,而基线NAb与野生类型相关,与较长的负转换时间有关.
结论:
- 混合免疫力与单独接种疫苗相比,在PLWH中加强了对Omicron BA.4/5的保护.
- 提高对Omicron反应的CD8+ T细胞和特定的MBC水平是有效免疫反应的关键组成部分.
- 加强对免疫学参数的监测和及时的临床干预对于管理PLWH中COVID-19严重程度和死亡率至关重要,因为正在演变的Omicron亚型.
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