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休鹿的1万年生物文化历史及其对保护政策的影响

Karis H Baker¹, Holly Miller², Sean Doherty³

¹Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|February 12, 2024

概括

数千年来,人类活动对休鹿 (Dama) 种群产生了重大影响. 这项研究揭示了复杂的转移历史,挑战了野生/家养分歧,并为危的波斯地鹿 (Dama mesopotamica) 提供了保护信息.

科学领域:

古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
动物园考古学
生物文化历史生物文化历史

背景情况:

鹿 (Dama) 种群已经被人类操纵了超过1万年,导致了各种结果和复杂的保护状态.
欧洲鹿 (Dama dama) 广泛分布,但它们的自然范围和人类介导的运动仍然不太清楚.
波斯鹿 (Dama mesopotamica) 目前处于灭绝的危险之中,这凸显了了解它们的历史分布和与人类的相互作用的必要性.

研究的目的:

重建欧洲和波斯鹿的历史分布和人类介导的转移.
调查亚纳托利亚和巴尔干地区地鹿种群的起源和遗传多样性.
挑战野生和养物种之间的传统划分,使用休鹿的生物文化历史.

主要方法:

对现代和古代休鹿标本的线粒体DNA分析.
动物园考古发现的整合,以确定冰川避难所和转移模式.
检查历史文本和考古证据以记录人为媒介的移动.

主要成果:

在安纳托利亚和巴尔干地区发现了两种不同的欧洲鹿群,可能是冰川的避难所.
证明了人类对欧洲鹿的重复,长途转移,来源于地理上遥远的种群.
透露,波斯鹿 (Dama mesopotamica) 是迁移到罗马马略卡的,而不是当地可用的欧洲鹿 (Dama dama).

结论:

人类的迁移实践塑造了地鹿的分布,经常将鹿从遥远的种群中迁移.
休鹿的生物文化历史模糊了野生和养物种之间的界限.
了解这些复杂的历史对于开发有效的现代管理和保护策略至关重要.

关键词:

生物分子生物分子.灭绝灭绝灭绝灭绝地鹿在地鹿.转移转移转移转移转移动物园考古学动物园

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