空间猎物的可用性和脉冲繁殖策略:在犬类-无毛动物系统中遇到风险
Mitchell J Brunet1,2,3, Katey S Huggler1,2,3, Joseph D Holbrook1,3
1Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA.
The Journal of animal ecology
|February 13, 2024
概括
新生儿鹿 (Odocoileus hemionus) 的掠食风险因掠食者在出生高峰期的游泳而降低,尽管猎 (Canis latrans) 的狩猎增加. 然而,在鹿息地,风险增加了,影响了野狼的行为.
科学领域:
- 生态学和进化生物学.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 捕食风险受到捕食者和猎物的时空重叠和行为反应的影响,但猎物的可用性和运动等动态因素往往被忽视.
- 新生儿类动物面临一个关键的时间窗口的脆弱性与分娩时间,发展的移动性,和反掠夺策略.
研究的目的:
- 调查息地,捕食者-猎物活动和繁殖同步如何影响新生鹿对战狼的脆弱性.
- 分析这些因素如何影响猎人与猎物相遇之前和之后的野狼行为.
主要方法:
- 利用GPS跟踪数据从两只大猩猩 (Canis latrans) 和鹿 (Odocoileus hemionus).
- 研究了主要 (子) 和替代 (鹿) 猎物息地对遭遇风险的影响.
- 评估了鹿生育同步和母体防御对掠食动态的影响.
主要成果:
- 鹿经历了由于掠食者沼泽的峰值分娩期间人均遭遇风险降低,尽管子搜索力度增加.
- 在鹿息地可用性较大的地区,观察到鹿遭遇的风险更高,这促使狼的速度和形性增加.
- 子息地可用性没有影响狼的行为,即使鹿占据了这些地区.
结论:
- 脉冲猎物的可用性显著影响了替代猎物物种的掠食风险,捕食者对资源脉冲的反应至关重要.
- 猎物的空间分布和猎物可用性的时间模式,以及动物的行为状态,从根本上决定了掠食风险.
- 反掠食策略和捕食者转移策略在调解脆弱新生类动物的风险方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
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