全球对以产量为尺度的N2O排放量和对玉米,小麦和大米的减排努力的元分析
Zhisheng Yao1,2, Haojie Guo1,2, Yan Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
Global change biology
|February 13, 2024
概括
减少氧化 (N2O) 排放,同时提高作物产量,对于粮食安全和减缓气候变化至关重要. 这项研究表明,提高使用效率和优化肥实践可以显著降低主要谷物每单位作物产量的N2O排放.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 气候变化研究 气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 可持续地提高作物产量,同时减少温室气体排放,特别是氧化 (N2O),是一个关键的全球挑战.
- 产量规模化N2O排放的指标 (每单位作物产量的N2O排放) 尚不清楚,这阻碍了有效的减缓策略.
研究的目的:
- 探索玉米,小麦和大米产量规模化N2O排放的变化模式和控制因素.
- 确定减少谷物生产中N2O排放的潜在缓解方案.
- 为可持续加强谷物生产提供指导.
主要方法:
- 进行了对6000多个观测结果的全球元分析.
- 分析了不同作物,气候区和管理实践的产量规模N2O排放.
- 研究了气候,地质和肥管理因素的影响.
主要成果:
- 平均产量尺度N2O排放量在小麦中最高,其次是玉米,然后是大米.
- 热带/亚热带地区的排放量通常较高,并且随着度的增加而下降.
- 气候和地形因素解释了比单独的N肥料管理更多的变化.
- 提高使用效率和提高作物产量与降低产量尺度N2O排放相关.
- 将肥量减少高达30%,优化应用,或使用提高效率的肥料降低了产量尺度N2O排放.
结论:
- 使用效率指标是平衡作物生产和N2O缓解的有价值的代理.
- 减少化肥 (高达30%),优化应用时间/位置,并使用提高效率的肥料,显著减少产量尺度N2O排放.
- 这些策略可以在不损害和潜在增加作物产量的情况下实现减排,指导可持续的强化.
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