种群层面的可转移元素表达动态影响了真菌作物病原体的特征演变.
Leen Nanchira Abraham1, Ursula Oggenfuss1, Daniel Croll1
1Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
mBio
|February 13, 2024
概括
在真菌病原体Zymoseptoria tritici中,可移植元素 (TE) 产生显著的遗传变异. 这种由 TE 活性驱动的变异影响了小麦病原体中毒性和二次代谢物生成等特征.
科学领域:
- 微生物基因组学 微生物基因组学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
- 分子进化是分子进化的过程.
背景情况:
- 微生物适应依赖于遗传变异,但其生成机制往往不清楚.
- 可转移元素 (TE) 是能够诱导突变和影响基因组进化的移动遗传序列.
- 麦子的主要真菌病原体Zymoseptoria tritici最近表现出可能与TE活动相关的适应.
研究的目的:
- 研究可移植元素 (TE) 在Zymoseptoria tritici.中产生适应性遗传变异中的作用.
- 绘制全基因组TE插入多态度的地图,并在自然病原体群体内量化TE转录.
- 评估TE活动对基因表达和表型特征的影响,包括毒性和二次代谢.
主要方法:
- 对146个Zymoseptoria tritici分离物的深度种群基因组学和转录基因组学分析.
- 最近TE插入多态的全基因组映射.
- 个体TE拷贝的位置特异性转录的量化.
- 在TE插入和基因表达变异之间进行关联分析.
主要成果:
- 建立了TE插入多态的全基因组地图,揭示了人口内的相当大的变化.
- 大约20%的TE拷贝被转录,表明基因组防御机制的部分无效性.
- 近期TE插入的四分之一与邻近基因的改变表达有关.
- TE插入与Zymoseptoria tritici毒性和二次代谢产物的变化有关.
结论:
- 即使在单个微生物群体内,TE衍生的多态性也很普遍,可以推动快速适应.
- TE活动显著促进Zymoseptoria tritici的表型特征变异,影响其致病性.
- 了解TE动态对于理解微生物进化和适应策略至关重要.
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