放射科医生的诊断准确度的现实世界评估,使用从深度学习和自然语言处理胸部算法中验证的积极预测值,后续部署胸部算法
Bahadar S Bhatia1,2, John F Morlese1, Sarah Yusuf1
1Directorate of Diagnostic Radiology, Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust, Lyndon, West Bromwich B71 4HJ, United Kingdom.
BJR open
|February 14, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 算法在胸部X射线和CT扫描中标记了比预期更少的遗漏发现,作为一种有价值的质量工具,以支持放射科医生并提高诊断准确性.
科学领域:
- 放射学和医学成像学 医学成像学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 诊断准确性评估 诊断准确性的评估
背景情况:
- 放射科医生在识别胸部疾病方面的表现可以通过人工智能工具来增强.
- 对诊断准确性的回顾性分析对于改善医学成像质量至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 用AI算法评估放射科医生的准确性,用于检测胸部X射线 (CXR) 和CT扫描中的特定发现.
- 评估深度学习和自然语言处理算法的性能,用于识别肺胸,肋骨骨折,大动脉动脉瘤,肺结节,肺血栓和肺栓塞.
主要方法:
- 一项追溯的双盲研究,涉及成年患者接受CXR和CT.
- 人工智能算法标记了不一致的发现,然后由两个失明的放射科医生审查.
- 研究设计确保了人工智能算法和人类解释者的盲目化.
主要成果:
- 错过的发现率很低:肋骨骨折 (CXR) 的0.02%,大动脉动脉瘤的0.51%,肺结节的0.32%,肺的0.92%,CT肺栓塞的0.28%.
- 阳性预测值 (PPVs) 不同,肺胸部为0%,肋骨骨折为5.6%,大动脉扩张为43.2%,肺复发症为46.0%,肺栓塞为11.5%,肺结节为9.2%.
结论:
- 人工智能胸部算法作为一种有效的质量改进工具,识别了比预测更少的错过发现.
- 人工智能增强了放射科医生的工作流程,突出了AI在放射学中支持临床决策的潜力.
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