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明天与一年后:孩子们对近期和遥远的未来有不同的表现吗?
Bronwyn O'Brien1, Michela Rodriguez1, Elena Gallitto1
1School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|February 14, 2024
概括
幼儿感知时间差异,但不代表近期与遥远的未来事件不同. 事件的频率,而不是时间距离,会影响孩子对未来事件的具体描述.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 思考未来 - 思考未来
背景情况:
- 成年人比遥远的未来事件更生动地代表了近期的未来事件.
- 儿童在5岁时可以描述未来的事件,但时间距离对他们的表现的影响尚不清楚.
- 了解孩子们对未来事件的表现对于计划和自我控制等面向未来的行为至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究时间距离,年龄和事件频率对儿童未来事件表现的影响.
- 为了确定5至9岁的孩子如何描述近期和遥远的未来事件.
- 检查事件表示的指标,如清晰度,细节和代词使用.
主要方法:
- 与5至9岁的儿童进行了三次实验.
- 参与者描述了频繁 (例如,小吃) 和不频繁 (例如,派对) 的事件.
- 事件被设置为发生在近期或遥远的未来.
主要成果:
- 孩子们认为近距离的事件比遥远的事件更接近时间.
- 时间距离影响了事件表示的清晰度.
- 事件频率显著影响了表示,不经常发生的事件比经常发生的事件更具体地描述.
- 大多数其他事件表示指标不受时间距离的影响.
结论:
- 幼儿开始感知时间距离,但这还没有影响他们对未来事件的表现.
- 事件频率在塑造儿童对未来事件的具体描述方面比时间距离发挥更重要的作用.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解什么时候时间距离会影响发展中的未来事件表示.
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