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在持续的生物控制应用期间,寄生虫黄蜂的自然选择和遗传多样性维护

Bingyan Li¹, Yuange Duan¹, Zhenyong Du¹

¹Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Nature communications

|February 14, 2024

概括

捕获的Aphidius gifuensis (生物控制黄蜂) 的大规模释放显示对野生种群的影响减少. 圈养黄蜂的遗传多样性减少了,但野生种群适应了,保持了它们的基因库.

科学领域:

人口基因组学是人口的基因组学.
保护遗传学保护遗传学
生物控制剂生物控制剂

背景情况:

(Aphidius gifuensis) 是一种关键的寄生虫黄蜂,用于控制Myzus persicae (桃子虫).
捕获的A. gifuensis被用于生物控制,但对野生种群的影响尚不清楚.
潜在的风险包括遗传侵蚀和野生种群的健康状况下降.

研究的目的:

为了调查大规模释放受囚禁的A. gifuensis.的遗传后果.
评估野生和被捕种群的遗传多样性和适应潜力.
了解生物控制剂大规模培养和释放对野生基因池的影响.

主要方法:

542个A. gifuensis个体的基因组测序 (265个野生,277个被捕).
人口遗传分析以确定祖先群体和遗传结构.
比较基因组学用于比较野生种群和养殖种群之间的遗传多样性.
分析与环境适应相关的选择特征.

主要成果:

野生云南群体被确定为祖先,具有复杂的遗传结构.
野生种群分散期间环境适应的证据.
由于长期养殖,被囚禁的黄蜂表现出遗传多样性的减少.
野生种群表现出来自生物和非生物因素的自然选择的特征.
这些因素支持野生基因库的维持,尽管被俘引入.

结论:

监禁中的A. gifuensis的大规模释放对野生种群的影响较小.
野生种群表现出适应能力,缓解遗传侵蚀.
A. gifuensis 作为一种有价值的模型,用于研究生物控制剂的大量养和释放效应.

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Frequency-dependent Selection

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What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

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Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...