在提出道德批评时沟通意图的有益影响:认知和神经反应
Inga K Rösler1, Félice van Nunspeet2, Naomi Ellemers2
1Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i.k.rosler@uva.nl.
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
|February 15, 2024
概括
沟通帮助的意图使人们更容易接受道德批评,尤其是来自陌生人的批评. 这种方法减少了对负面反的感知不公平和注意力警,促进了道德成长.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 个人往往抵制道德批评,特别是来自外部成员.
- 了解提高对道德反的接受度的因素对于个人和社会发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查沟通有帮助的意图是否增加了对道德批评的接受.
- 检查发送者的群体成员身份 (内部群体与外部群体) 对反接收的影响.
- 探索与不同的沟通意图接收道德反的神经相关性.
主要方法:
- 两项预先注册的研究涉及捐赠任务,参与者对他们的决定收到了负面反.
- 操纵反发送者的身份 (内组/外组) 和传达的意图 (没有,帮助,道德优越性).
- 测量自我报告的反反应 (研究1) 和脑电图 (EEG) (研究2).
主要成果:
- 没有明确的意图,参与者推断出外组发件人的意图更差.
- 明确声明有帮助的意图消除了团体成员对反感知的影响.
- 当发件人表达了帮助的意图而不是道德上的优越性时,反被认为不那么不公平.
- 脑电图数据表明,当有助于的意图被传达时,注意力警性降低 (P200幅度下降).
结论:
- 沟通帮助的意图显著提高了对道德批评的接受度,超过了群体成员资格的影响.
- 这种方法可以减少对负面道德反的感知不公平和认知防御性.
- 明确地说明有帮助的意图是通过建设性批评促进道德成长的关键策略.
相关概念视频
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
153
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
153
Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion
837
Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
Cognitive Appraisal and Emotional Response
Lazarus proposed that...
837
Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
Nonconscious Mimicry
4.6K
Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.
4.6K
Egoism and Altruism
92.0K
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
92.0K
Reason and Intuition
6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K


