冥想用于心血管疾病的初级和二级预防
Karen Rees1, Andrea Takeda2, Rachel Court3
1Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|February 15, 2024
概括
冥想,包括基于正念的干预 (MBI) 和超然冥想 (TM),对预防心血管疾病 (CVD) 的证据有限. 虽然一些研究表明压力和血压降低,但需要更多高质量的研究来证实这些效应.
科学领域:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 的预防和管理.
- 综合医学和行为健康干预.
- 临床研究中的基于证据的实践.
背景情况:
- 压力,焦虑和抑郁是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的危险因素.
- 冥想,特别是基于正念的干预 (MBI) 和超然冥想 (TM),越来越多地被探索为管理这些条件.
- 冥想在心血管疾病预防中的潜在作用需要研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估冥想的有效性,特别是基于正念的干预 (MBI) 和超然冥想 (TM),用于心血管疾病的初级和二级预防.
- 综合随机对照试验 (RCT) 关于冥想对心血管疾病临床事件,血压和心理结果的影响的证据.
主要方法:
- 系统搜索多个数据库 (CENTRAL,MEDLINE,Embase) 和试验注册到2021年11月.
- 包括81个RCT (6971名参与者) 在12周或更长的时间内对患有心血管疾病的高风险或已确诊的成年人进行了研究.
- 分析了四个比较:MBI与活跃/非活跃比较器和TM与活跃/非活跃比较器,评估了诸如心血管疾病事件,血压和心理痛苦等主要结果.
主要成果:
- 与主动对照人群相比,MBI显示了中度确定性证据,可以减少感知到的压力,但与主动对照人群相比,对焦虑或抑郁几乎没有影响.
- 与非活跃对比剂相比,MBI表明血压,焦虑,抑郁和感知压力的潜在降低,但有大量的异质性和低确定性证据.
- 超越冥想 (TM) 与活跃对照相比,显示了中度确定性证据,可以降低静缩血压,但对其他心理结果的影响有限.
结论:
- 关于冥想对临床心血管疾病事件的影响的证据有限.
- 虽然建议有一些心理益处和降低血压,但许多研究中的大量异质性和不清楚的偏差风险限制了确定性.
- 需要进一步的高质量的RCT来确定冥想对预防心脏病的有效性.
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