卫生例外法律的危险和可能性:叙事性审查
Dorothy Shaw1,2, Koku Awoonor-Williams2,3, Annika Brauer2
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
概括
堕胎的健康例外条款是常见的,但在全球范围内令人困惑. 澄清这些法律可以改善获得安全堕胎服务的机会,并保护妇女的健康.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
- 生殖健康法 生殖健康法
- 人权 人权 人权 人权 人权.
背景情况:
- 堕胎法律在世界各地有很大的差异,许多国家包括健康例外 (HE) 条款.
- 这些HE条款的措辞和实施往往不一致,导致混乱和障碍在获得合法堕胎服务.
研究的目的:
- 在全球范围内审查对堕胎健康例外条款的理解和实施.
- 为在法律框架内最大限度地获得安全堕胎的战略提供指导,并防止有害的延迟.
主要方法:
- 关于高等教育法律的文献叙事审查,包括身体,精神,社会健康,以及对生命威胁,强奸,近亲关系和胎儿异常的例外.
- 审查有关HE条款和侵犯人权的重大法律案件.
- 采访了来自14个国家的15名医生倡导者,谈论他们对HE条款的经验.
主要成果:
- 卫生例外法很普遍,但人们对其了解甚少,并且在不同国家和地区不一致地应用.
- 医生倡导者,特别是来自拉丁美洲的医生,解释HE包括身体,心理和社会健康方面的考虑.
- 法律案件突出了由于未能根据高等教育条款获得合法堕胎而导致的人权侵犯.
结论:
- 通过澄清和改善卫生例外法律的实施,有很大的机会提高获得安全堕胎的机会.
- 当多种堕胎理由被允许时,优先考虑对患者造成的负担最小的例外是道德上至关重要的.
- 哥伦比亚和加纳等国家的成功实施战略为更广泛地应用健康例外提供了模式.
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