将学习纳入动物范围动态,在人类引发的快速环境变化下学习
Job Aben1,2,3,4, Justin M J Travis5, Hans Van Dyck6
1Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Ecology letters
|February 16, 2024
概括
人类引起的快速环境变化挑战了物种的生存. 结合生态适应和行为可塑性,特别是学习,可以改善在新环境中对物种范围转移的预测.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 人类引起的快速环境变化 (HIREC) 创造了新的环境,将物种推出了它们进化的息地.
- 气候变暖进一步加剧了这种情况,将物种的气候环境转移到不熟悉的生态条件中.
- 目前的范围转移模型经常使用静态的息地适应性关系,可能低估了HIREC的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了提高在HIREC下物种范围转移预测的生态现实性.
- 将生态适应和行为可塑性的概念整合到范围转移建模中.
- 突出学习能力在物种适应新环境中的作用.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个概念模型,整合了生态适应和行为可塑性 (学习).
- 专注于动态的物种-资源关系,而不是静态的.
- 在HIREC下使用该模型作为扩展范围的原则证明.
主要成果:
- 考虑到动态的物种资源关系,在范围转移预测中增加了生态现实主义.
- 生态适应性和行为可塑性对于物种在新环境中的持久性至关重要.
- 学习能力在HIREC下的物种范围转移中发挥着潜在的重要作用.
结论:
- 传统的范围转移模型可能不足以预测物种对HIREC的反应.
- 像生态适应和学习这样的动态过程对于理解物种的适应能力至关重要.
- 未来的范围转移模型应该结合行为可塑性,以改善在不断变化的世界中的准确性.
相关概念视频
01:18Introduction to Learning
393
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
393
01:20Evolutionary Psychology
269
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
269
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.3K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.3K
01:15Natural Selection and Adaptation
206
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
Beyond physical adaptations,...
206
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.2K
01:05Instinctive Drift
220
Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...
220