我们能增强工作记忆吗? 在认知训练研究中的偏见和有效性研究
Jose A Rodas1,2, Afroditi A Asimakopoulou3, Ciara M Greene3
1Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador. josea.rodasp@gmail.com.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|February 17, 2024
概括
认知训练在工作记忆 (WM) 中显示出小幅增长,但这些效应主要是由于类似的评估和训练任务. 流体智能并没有得到改善,尽管特定的执行功能可能会受益.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类的认知人类的认知.
背景情况:
- 认知训练旨在增强工作记忆 (WM) 等认知功能.
- 人们担心,观察到的WM改进可能源于测量偏差,特别是培训和评估之间的任务重叠.
- 认知训练在各种认知领域的有效性需要严格的评估,控制潜在的偏见.
研究的目的:
- 分析认知训练对工作记忆 (WM),流体智力和执行功能的影响.
- 评估潜在偏差 (如任务相似性) 对报告的培训结果的影响.
- 调查培训特征是否影响有效性,并评估研究质量.
主要方法:
- 进行了对52项涉及认知训练的独立研究的元分析,这些研究针对不同的认知功能.
- 对包含的研究进行了偏差风险评估,重点关注随机化和报告.
- 对实践效应进行控制,并使用元回归分析数据来探索培训有效性的调节者.
主要成果:
- 观察到WM的小整体改善 (SMD = 0.18),当评估任务与培训任务相似时显著膨胀 (SMD = 1.15).
- 没有发现流体智能的显著改善,也没有发现WM的改善与流体智能的变化有关.
- 认知训练在改善特定的执行功能方面表现出有效性,而不依赖于训练剂量或类型.
结论:
- 对于WM的认知训练的有效性是可疑的,研究结果可能是由测量偏差驱动的,特别是任务重叠.
- 虽然流体智能仍然不受影响,但认知训练可能会为某些执行功能提供好处.
- 方法严谨,包括仔细的任务选择和偏见评估,对于准确评估认知训练有效性至关重要.
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