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相关概念视频

The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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Entropy02:39

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Uncertainty: Overview00:59

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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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量子相对的不确定性关系关系.

Domingos S P Salazar1

  • 1Unidade de Educação a Distância e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Physical review. E
|February 17, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

我们引入了一个量子热力学不确定性关系,使用量子相对来限制量子可观测不确定性. 这有助于我们更好地理解量子系统中的波动和产生.

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科学领域:

  • 量子热力学就是量子热力学.
  • 信息理论是信息理论.
  • 统计力学就是统计力学.

背景情况:

  • 热力学不确定性关系 (TUR) 将当前波动与经典系统中的产量联系起来.
  • 现有的TUR经常利用信息理论概念,如库尔巴克-莱布勒分歧.
  • 这些关系为测量不确定性提供了基本的界限.

研究的目的:

  • 概括热力学不确定性与量子系统的关系.
  • 为了确定量子可观测的不确定性的下限.
  • 为了推导出量子版本的生产界.

主要方法:

  • 将经典信息理论的界限推广到量子领域.
  • 使用量子相对作为不相似性的衡量标准.
  • 将衍生关系应用于量子可观测量和产生.

主要成果:

  • 导出了一个新的量子热力学不确定性关系.
  • 这种关系通过量子相对来限制量子可观测的不确定性.
  • 该结果适用于任意的量子动力学和非热环境.

结论:

  • 这项研究成功地将热力学不确定性的概念扩展到量子力学.
  • 衍生的量子 TUR 提供了对量子系统中的波动分散定理的新见解.
  • 这项工作为分析量子热力学和信息处理提供了基础工具.