神经学中的人工智能:机遇,挑战和政策影响
Sebastian Voigtlaender1,2, Johannes Pawelczyk3,4, Mario Geiger5,6
1Systems Neuroscience Division, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Journal of neurology
|February 17, 2024
概括
人工智能 (AI) 为神经学研究和大脑健康提供了变革性的潜力,解决了导致残疾的主要原因. 解决人工智能模型,数据,公平和监管方面的挑战对于其有效的临床整合至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经学和神经科学 神经学和神经科学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 全球大脑健康倡议
背景情况:
- 神经系统疾病是一个重大的全球负担,推动了对先进解决方案的需求.
- 大脑健康是一个公认的全球优先事项,世界卫生组织的2022年行动计划强调了这一点.
- 人工智能 (AI) 的快速进步将重塑神经学研究和临床实践.
研究的目的:
- 对66篇原创文章进行范围审查,以探索AI在神经学和大脑健康方面的价值.
- 系统化人工智能应用在神经护理轨迹中的情况:预防,风险分层,早期检测,诊断,管理和康复.
- 确定人工智能在大脑健康中的新兴临床机会和未来趋势.
主要方法:
- 系统性范围审查的方法.
- 对66篇专注于神经学和大脑健康领域人工智能的原创研究文章的分析.
- 人工智能应用在神经病患者护理的全部领域的分类.
主要成果:
- 人工智能在神经治疗的各个阶段,从预防到康复,都显示出巨大的潜力.
- 阻碍人工智能整合的关键挑战包括与人工智能模型,数据可用性和质量,可行性,公平性和监管框架相关的问题.
- 通过战略性AI实施,可以推进个性化的精确神经学和全球大脑健康倡议.
结论:
- 需要采取协调一致的努力,以解决四个支柱所面临的挑战:模型,数据,可行性/公平性和监管/创新.
- 最重要的行动包括将人工智能技术与临床工作流程进行伦理,以公平为重点的整合.
- 缓解与数据相关的问题,弥合数字不平等差距,建立强有力的治理对于平衡神经科学人工智能的安全性和创新至关重要.
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