微RNAs在正常和异常卵巢活动中的功能:一篇审查聚焦于微RNA-21
Reza Arefnezhad1,2, Hossein Roghani-Shahraki2, Hossein Motedayyen3
1Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
International journal of fertility & sterility
|February 18, 2024
概括
多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 和过早的卵巢衰竭 (POI) 源于卵巢功能障碍. 微RNAs,特别是miRNA-21,涉及到这些条件,提供潜在的治疗点.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 分子遗传学 分子遗传学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 卵巢功能失败,包括卵泡发育和卵巢发育,导致不孕症,多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 和过早的卵巢缺陷 (POI).
- 结核复合综合症影响8-20%的女性,而POI影响至少1%. 目前的治疗方法仍然不足.
- 了解潜在的发病因子对于开发有效的治疗策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查微RNAs (miRNAs) 在卵巢功能中的作用,特别是在PCOS和POI的背景下.
- 阐明有关特定miRNAs的机制性见解,重点是miRNA-21,它们如何对这些生殖障碍的病原体产生贡献.
主要方法:
- 文献综述和对卵巢中miRNA表达和功能现有研究的综合.
- 对调查miRNA-21和其他相关miRNAs在PCOS和POI中的参与的研究进行分析.
- 专注于将miRNA失调与卵巢功能障碍联系起来的机制性途径.
主要成果:
- 异常的miRNA表达越来越被认为是PCOS和POI等生殖疾病的致病因子.
- 有证据表明miRNA-21在PCOS和POI的发展和进展中起着重要作用.
- 其他miRNAs也在调节正常的卵巢功能中发挥关键作用,并与疾病状态有关.
结论:
- 微RNA代表了理解和潜在治疗PCOS和POI的有希望的领域.
- 针对特定的miRNAs,如miRNA-21,可能为管理不孕症相关的卵巢疾病提供新的治疗途径.
- 对miRNA功能的进一步研究对于推进生殖医学至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
01:26Ovaries
The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
01:30Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...