在癌症中tRNA衍生小RNA的新兴功能和前景
Na Yang1,2, Ruijun Li3, Ruai Liu2
1College of Resources, Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China.
Journal of Cancer
|February 19, 2024
概括
tRNA衍生小RNAs (tsRNAs) 是tRNA的碎片,在癌症中起着至关重要的作用. 这些分子,包括tRNA衍生的片段 (tRFs) 和tRNA衍生的诱导压力RNAs (tiRNAs),都与瘤进展和转移有关.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- tRNA衍生小RNAs (tsRNAs) 正在成为生物过程中的重要调节者.
- tsRNAs包括tRNA衍生碎片 (tRFs) 和tRNA衍生引发压力的RNAs (tiRNAs),源自前体或成熟的tRNAs.
- 特定的tRF子类型 (tRF-1,tRF-2,tRF-3,tRF-5,i-tRF) 和tiRNA (5'-tiRNA,3'-tiRNA) 根据分离点进行分类.
研究的目的:
- 审查各种tsRNAs的生物起源和功能.
- 探索与tsRNA功能相关的新机制和概念.
- 专注于各种人类癌症中tsRNAs的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 对tsRNA起源,功能和机制的文献综述.
- 对研究各种癌症中tsRNA表达的研究进行分析.
- 综合有关tsRNA参与瘤发生和瘤进展的当前知识.
主要成果:
- 在 prokaryotic 和 eukaryotic 转录组中都发现了 tsRNA.
- 在多种人类恶性瘤中观察到异常的tsRNA表达.
- tsRNAs可以通过调节基因表达来影响癌细胞增殖,细胞亡,转移和整体瘤进展.
结论:
- tsRNAs在各种癌症的发展和进展中发挥着关键作用.
- 了解tsRNA机制为新的癌症诊断和治疗提供了潜力.
- 需要进一步的研究来解决尚未解决的问题,并探索tsRNA生物学和癌症研究的未来前景.
相关概念视频
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
8.6K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.6K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
16.8K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.8K
01:23RNA Interference
26.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.0K
02:15Experimental RNAi
6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
01:22MicroRNAs
21.3K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
21.3K
02:43Nucleic Acids
44.2K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
44.2K