进化的适应气候变化
Allan H Edelsparre1, Mark J Fitzpatrick2, Marjo Saastamoinen3,4
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Evolution letters
|February 19, 2024
概括
气候变化对生命产生重大影响,通过各种表型特征推动进化适应. 了解这些适应的遗传和表观遗传基础对于预测未来的生物反应至关重要.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 气候变化科学 气候变化科学
- 遗传学和表观遗传学
背景情况:
- 气候变化是由气温上升驱动的,对全球生物多样性产生了深刻而持久的影响.
- 虽然有机体对气候变化的反应得到了记录,但适应性表型特征的全谱及其遗传基础仍然不完全理解.
- 区分塑料和遗传适应性变化是具有挑战性的,由人口因素和其他选择性压力的相互作用进一步复杂化.
研究的目的:
- 探索影响生物体对气候变化的进化适应的多方面的因素.
- 识别涉及气候变化适应的更广泛的表型特征,超出传统的例子.
- 研究适应性反应的基因和表观遗传机制,并提高进化结果的预测能力.
主要方法:
- 审查和综合当前关于不同种类的气候变化适应性的研究.
- 分析自然和性选择如何调解气候驱动的适应性反应.
- 探索表型可塑性,遗传同化和适应中的表观遗传修饰之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 适应性特征不仅包括范围的变化和改变的性别决定,还包括社会/性冲突和压力激素调节.
- 气候驱动的选择通过自然和性选择影响与健康相关的特征 (后代生长,生育能力) 和进化潜力.
- 预测适应性反应是复杂的,需要考虑各种特征和潜在的遗传/表观遗传机制.
结论:
- 对气候变化适应的全面理解需要整合各种表型特征,包括经常被忽视的社会和生理因素.
- 阐明适应性特征的遗传和表观遗传结构是预测气候变化下的进化轨迹的关键.
- 十项拟议的行动旨在提高对生物如何基因适应正在进行的气候变化的预测,指导未来的研究方向.
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