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塑性和相关的表观遗传机制在范围扩张期间的热进化中发挥作用

Janne Swaegers¹, Simon De Cupere¹, Noah Gaens¹

¹Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Evolution letters

|February 19, 2024

概括

扩散到新的,更温暖的环境中的物种最初依赖于可塑性和热耐受性的表观遗传机制. 随着时间的推移,进化的特征变得越来越重要,DNA甲基化在新范围边缘的适应中发挥着关键作用.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
进化生物学进化生物学
环境科学环境科学

背景情况:

全球变化推动了物种范围的变化,使它们暴露在不断扩大的范围边缘的新热条件下.
假设可塑性和表观遗传机制有助于适应新环境,特别是在初始暴露阶段.

研究的目的:

调查塑性和表观遗传学在南方范围扩张到西班牙期间的蝶 (Ischnura elegans) 热适应中的作用.
为了比较长期存在的 (旧边缘) 和最近入侵的 (新边缘) 种群之间的适应策略.

主要方法:

常见的花园实验,使用在祖先和入侵热制度下养的母幼虫.
评估幼虫生命史和耐热性,结合去甲基和高甲基化剂来测试表观遗传参与.
使用本地姐妹物种I. graellsii作为当地适应的基准.

主要成果:

新的边缘种群表现出塑性热反应,汇聚到本地物种的表型.
旧的边缘种群发展出更快的生命史和更高的耐热性,与本地物种相匹配.
新边缘种群的耐热性在使用高甲基化剂时显著增加,这表明表观遗传可塑性.

结论:

进化的可塑性和表观遗传机制都对在范围扩张期间最初适应新热体制至关重要.
在新的范围边缘,DNA甲基化似乎更容易对环境扰乱做出反应,有助于耐热性.
随着时间的推移,塑性和表观遗传学的相对重要性随着构成性进化的接管而减少.

关键词:

通过DNA甲基化.范围扩展扩展范围扩展热进化的热演变.热可塑性热可塑性热可塑性气候变暖导致的变暖

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