在高海拔原生鹿小鼠的骨肌肉中演化了表型的变化
Emily J Garrett1, Srikripa K Prasad1, Rena M Schweizer2,3
1Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
概括
高海拔鹿小鼠在许多骨肌肉中显示出线粒体酶活性增加,这表明它们在缺乏氧气的环境中适应了生存的进化. 这些由遗传因素驱动的变化增强了对高海拔生物的代谢能力.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 高海拔适应 高海拔适应
背景情况:
- 高海拔环境带来了寒冷和缺氧的挑战,增加了对热生成的代谢氧气需求.
- 骨肌肉的适应对于发热和在高海拔地区的生存至关重要.
- 以前的研究集中在有限数量的肌肉上,可能会忽视更广泛的适应性策略.
研究的目的:
- 研究来自高海拔和低海拔群体的鹿小鼠的骨肌肉可塑性和适应性.
- 检查慢性缺氧适应对肌肉酶活动的影响.
- 为了确定与高海拔适应相关的肌肉表型的差异.
主要方法:
- 来自高海拔和低海拔群体的鹿小鼠在囚禁中被养,并适应了normoxia或hypobaric hypoxia.
- 在20个不同的骨肌肉中测量了最大的酶活性 (CS,COX,HOAD,HK,PK,LDH).
- 主要成分分析用于分析肌肉表型差异;进一步检查酸盐合成酶 (CS) 表达.
主要成果:
- 与低海拔小鼠相比,高海拔小鼠在许多肌肉中表现出更高的线粒体酶活性和/或较低的糖解酶活性.
- 慢性缺氧适应对不同人群的肌肉酶活动的影响很小.
- 在CS活性中的种群差异与蛋白质丰富度和mRNA表达有关,而不是氨基酸序列.
结论:
- 在广泛的骨肌肉中,氧化能力的进化增加有助于鹿鼠高海拔适应.
- 转录调节在这些肌肉表型的适应性变化中起着作用.
- 对高海拔的适应涉及广泛的骨肌肉修饰,超出了之前研究的范围.
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