来自炎症体结构的机制性见解
Jianing Fu1,2, Kate Schroder3, Hao Wu4,5
1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature reviews. Immunology
|February 20, 2024
概括
炎症体是宿主防御中的关键蛋白质复合体,触发细胞因子的释放和细胞死亡. 最近的结构研究揭示了这些炎症体复合体如何组装和调节关键的炎症反应.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 炎症细胞体是感知危险信号的细胞质蛋白质复合体.
- 失调的炎酶体活动与自身炎症,心血管疾病,神经退行症和癌症有关.
- 最近的发现扩大了对炎症体组件和功能的知识.
研究的目的:
- 为了回顾最近在炎症生物学的进展.
- 专注于对炎性细胞组合和调节的结构和机制见解.
- 要突出关键的炎症组分和它们在宿主防御中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对结构和机理学研究的审查.
- 专注于正规的炎症酶组件 (NAIP-NLRC4,NLRP3,NLRP1,CARD8,卡斯帕酶-1). 这些组件包括:
- 对非正规的炎症酶组分 (caspase-4, -5, -11) 和效应因子 (GSDMD,NINJ1) 的分析.
主要成果:
- 结构研究提供了关于炎症细胞组合和调节的见解.
- 了解炎症酶如何激活IL-1家族细胞因子的机制.
- 炎症酶诱导的膜破裂在烧灭过程中的解脱.
结论:
- 结构和机制的洞察力是理解炎症体功能的关键.
- 炎症酶在宿主防御和炎症性疾病中起着至关重要的作用.
- 对炎症细胞调节的进一步研究可以为治疗策略提供信息.
相关概念视频
01:39Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
2.3K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
2.3K
01:58Mechanical Protein Functions
4.9K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.
4.9K
01:15Activation of Integrins
3.4K
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
3.4K
01:24Caspases
12.5K
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
12.5K
01:21Structure of Porins
3.0K
Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel...
3.0K
02:18Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
17.8K
Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
17.8K