在世界上最大的多种捕食者灭绝之后,现存和灭绝的海鸟的恢复模式
Jeremy P Bird1, Richard A Fuller1, Justine D Shaw1
1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
概括
岛屿捕食者根除有助于海鸟恢复,移民和息地选择推动了诸如蓝色和灰色鱼等物种的种群增长和分布转移.
科学领域:
- 岛屿生态岛屿生态
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 脊椎动物害虫管理 脊椎动物害虫管理
背景情况:
- 岛上的侵入性捕食者可能会严重影响当地海鸟种群.
- 灭绝后的海鸟恢复往往与移民有关,但散布和爱好关系的相互作用尚不清楚.
- 了解种群动态对于有效的保护战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查在麦奎里岛侵袭性物种灭绝后推动海鸟种群变化的机制.
- 检查海鸟恢复中分散,类学和息地选择的作用.
- 评估脊椎动物灭绝对挖掘海鸟群体的长期影响.
主要方法:
- 整个岛屿的调查和长期监测图片被用来评估四种海鸟物种的数量,分布和趋势.
- 他们比较了1976-1979年和2017-2018年调查的数据,以及从20世纪90年代开始的监测.
- 侵袭性物种灭绝日期 (Wekas 1988,猫2001,动物2011-2014) 与人口变化相关.
主要成果:
- 南极和白头的年增幅很小 (~1%).
- 蓝和灰,以前被除,在猫灭绝后迅速重新殖民并显著增加 (每年14%和10%).
- 重新定居的物种占据了特定的低海拔,高质量的息地,与已建立物种的低最佳高海拔地点不同.
结论:
- 移民和息地选择是快速人口增长的关键驱动因素,导致海鸟物种重新殖民.
- 再殖民的成功取决于最初的人口数量和适合息地的可用性.
- 岛屿捕食者根除计划可以促进复杂的生态恢复,包括物种重新殖民和利基区分.
相关概念视频
Conservation of Declining Populations
9.6K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.6K
Habitat Fragmentation
17.5K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.5K
Predator-Prey Interactions
16.2K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.2K
What are Populations and Communities?
33.9K
Overview
33.9K
Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.3K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.3K


