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相关概念视频

Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Attribution Theory00:56

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
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当规则变成工具时:基于活动理论的视角对实施过程和意想不到的后果.

Aviv Shachak1,2, Francine Buchanan1,3, Craig Kuziemsky4

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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概括

医疗保健中的意外后果 (UIC) 可能来自干预. 基于文化历史活动理论的新模型有助于预测和减轻这些可预测的UICs来自卫生计划和技术.

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科学领域:

  • 卫生政策 卫生政策
  • 医疗保健系统 医疗保健系统
  • 知识翻译 翻译知识

背景情况:

  • 意外后果 (UIC) 是已知的健康干预结果,包括质量改进计划和健康信息技术实施.
  • 虽然一些UIC是不可预测的,但许多可以预测,特别是在将广泛的政策转化为实践时.
  • 例如,家庭为中心的护理,电子健康记录和质量改进模板等问题.

研究的目的:

  • 为预测和减轻医疗保健中的意外后果 (UICs) 提供一个模型.
  • 为决策者,卫生领导者和研究人员提供一个框架,以便主动解决卫生干预的潜在负面结果.
  • 通过从医疗保健环境中获得的实际例子来支持该模型.

主要方法:

  • 基于文化历史活动理论的模型的开发.
  • 对特定医疗保健实施的意外后果 (UIC) 的分析.
  • 案例研究方法使用以家庭为中心的护理,电子健康记录和计算机化质量改进模板的例子.

主要成果:

  • 基于文化历史活动理论的拟议模型提供了一个结构化的方法来预测意外后果 (UIC).
  • 该模型有助于积极识别与实施新的健康计划和技术相关的潜在风险.
  • 案例说明了该模型如何为策略提供信息,以减轻或解决已识别的UIC.

结论:

  • 基于文化历史活动理论的模型可以增强医疗保健中意外后果 (UIC) 的预测和管理.
  • 政策制定者,卫生领导者和研究人员可以利用这个模型来改善卫生创新的实施.
  • 积极识别和缓解UIC对于成功的医疗干预和系统改进至关重要.