白人美国人在广告中对黑人的偏好在过去的66年里有所增加:一个元分析
Julia Diana Lenk1, Jochen Hartmann2, Henrik Sattler1
1University of Hamburg, Faculty of Business Administration, Hamburg 20148, Germany.
概括
从历史上看,白人消费者在广告中更喜欢同种族的模特,但最近的趋势显示,他们更喜欢黑人模特. 黑人消费者对同种族模特的偏好在60多年中保持一致.
科学领域:
- 消费者心理学 消费者心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 广告研究 广告研究
背景情况:
- 广告显著影响社会态度和行为.
- 了解广告中的种族动态对于减轻歧视至关重要.
- 66年来,美国经历了显著的种族多样化.
研究的目的:
- 调查黑人和白人的消费者对美国广告中的黑人与白人的偏好,从1956年到2022年.
- 分析视觉广告中的种族间偏好随着时间的推移而发生的演变.
- 澄清广告中的种族影响及其减少歧视的潜力.
主要方法:
- 对62项研究 (332个效果大小) 的元分析,涉及10,186名黑人和白人参与者.
- 对视觉广告的反应的检查,基于所描述的赞助商的种族.
- 在分析中包括感知者,目标,社会/社会背景和出版特征.
主要成果:
- 在没有时间分析的情况下,结果表明了群体内偏好 (白人观众更喜欢白人模特;黑人观众更喜欢黑人模特).
- 对出版年份的控制揭示了重大的历史转变:近年来,白人消费者越来越喜欢黑人赞助商.
- 在研究期间,黑人消费者对同种族车型的偏好基本保持稳定.
结论:
- 广告中的种族偏好是动态的,随着时间的推移,特别是白人消费者中,种族偏好发生了显著的变化.
- 广告在塑造观念中的作用凸显了对种族代表性的持续研究的需要.
- 这些发现表明,社会态度的潜在转变反映在广告偏好中.
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