鉴定涉及基于tRNA的肠道细菌菌体重编码的HDV类甲基 ribozymes
Kasimir Kienbeck1, Lukas Malfertheiner2, Susann Zelger-Paulus1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland.
Nature communications
|February 20, 2024
概括
研究人员发现了theta ribozymes,小RNA分子,这可能使菌体能够在感染期间改变遗传密码. 这一发现揭示了病毒对宿主细胞的操纵和tRNA处理.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物群包含数万亿个微生物,包括菌体,它们是感染细菌的病毒.
- 菌体可以使用抑制器tRNA改变宿主的遗传密码,这种机制尚未完全理解.
- 类似于型肝炎病毒 (HDV) 的 рибо酶以其在RNA处理中的催化活性而闻名.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究新型 ribozymes 在菌体遗传代码切换中的作用.
- 探索泰达 ribozymes 在病毒宿主相互作用中的功能.
- 确定病毒基因表达调节的新机制.
主要方法:
- 实验室内自切断测试以表征甲核糖酶活性.
- 生物信息分析用于识别细菌基因组中的甲核糖酶.
- 进行比较基因组学,以评估theta ribozymes与tRNAs的关联.
主要成果:
- 发现了一组最小的型肝炎病毒 (HDV) 类似的 ribozymes,称为theta ribozymes的子组.
- 在实验室中展示了theta ribozymes的HDV类的自我切割行为.
- 鉴定了1753种独特的tRNA相关的甲核糖酶,其中20%与抑制性tRNA有关.
结论:
- 甲核糖酶很可能参与细菌的遗传代码切换,通过促进重新编码的基因的表达.
- 这些核酶可能在病毒tRNA的成熟和调节中发挥作用.
- 泰达 ribozymes 的丰富性突显了它们作为病毒生物学中小型,高效的催化剂的重要性.
相关概念视频
Ribozymes
12.3K
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
Ribozymes can...
12.3K
Leaky Scanning
5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K
Retroviruses
12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
46.0K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.0K


