菌体等离子体促进菌体和等离子体的重组和出现
Eugen Pfeifer1, Eduardo P C Rocha2
1Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, 75015, Paris, France. eugen.pfeifer@inrae.fr.
Nature communications
|February 20, 2024
概括
体等离子体模糊了病毒和等离子体之间的界限,促进了基因流动和元素转化. 这些移动遗传元素是细菌进化和抗生素耐药性传播的关键.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 菌体和等离子体是不同的移动遗传元素,通过水平基因转移驱动细菌进化.
- 前体等离子体 (或体等离子体) 弥合了这一区别,同时充当病毒和等离子体.
- 了解这些元素之间的基因流动对于细菌进化研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究菌体,等离子体和菌体等离子体之间的基因流动力学.
- 确定这些移动遗传元素之间基因交换的频率和方向.
- 阐明菌体等离子体在调解遗传交换和元素转换中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对菌体,等离子体和菌体等离子体之间的基因库进行比较分析.
- 追踪最近的重组事件以量化基因交换.
- 研究导致元素转换的基因失活和获取事件.
主要成果:
- 菌体等离子体表现出与菌体和等离子体重叠的基因库.
- 菌体和体之间更频繁地发生基因交换,而不是菌体和菌体之间.
- 等离子体和菌体之间的直接基因交换与菌体-等离子体间接交换相比较少见.
- 体质粒促进移动元素功能,防御系统和抗生素耐药性基因的转移.
- 基因损失可以将体等离子体转化为整合性体或等离子体,其中一些获得结合性功能.
结论:
- 体等离子体是等离子体和体之间基因流动的重要媒介.
- 这些元素在细菌特征的进化和传播中发挥着关键作用,包括抗生素耐药性.
- 体质粒在移动遗传元素的转化中起到中间作用,影响细菌基因组的可塑性.
相关概念视频
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages
62.2K
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
62.2K
Viral Recombination
23.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.4K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.0K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.0K
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
70.7K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
70.7K
CRISPR and crRNAs
17.0K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.0K
Antibiotic Selection
53.5K
Overview
53.5K


