实时机器学习警报以防止护理升级:非随机集群实用临床试验
Matthew A Levin1,2,3,4,5,6, Arash Kia1,4, Prem Timsina4
1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Critical care medicine
|February 21, 2024
概括
实时机器学习警报没有减少患者升级,但显示出降低死亡率的潜力. 这项研究强调了人工智能在临床决策中的复杂影响.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 患者安全 患者安全
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 在预测临床恶化方面表现有前途,但对其有效性的现实世界前性数据很少.
- 预测患者衰退的现有方法往往缺乏ML算法的实时能力.
- ML产生的警报对临床结果的直接影响需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 评估实时ML产生的警报在减少住院成年患者中临床升级的有效性.
- 测试假设,直接向一线医疗服务提供者发出警报可以改善患者的治疗结果.
- 评估ML警报对二次结果的影响,包括药物订单和死亡率.
主要方法:
- 进行了一个单中心,前性,实用性,非随机化,集群临床试验.
- 在四个医疗外科病房的成年患者被分配到干预 (实时ML警报) 或对照组.
- 使用倾向分数建模与治疗权重的逆概率 (IPTW) 来分析来自2740名患者的数据.
主要成果:
- 临界线警报干预并没有显著降低升级速度 (发生率比: 1.43; p < 0.001).
- 收到ML警报的患者更有可能收到心血管药物订单 (RR: 1.74; p < 0.001).
- 在干预组中观察到医院住院和30天死亡率的显著降低 (RR: 0.76; p = 0.045).
结论:
- 实时机器学习警报并没有降低临床升级的速度.
- 该研究表明,ML警报可能对降低患者死亡率产生有益影响.
- 需要进一步的研究,以优化在临床环境中实施ML警报.
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