在有机作物系统中,种子玉米对种植日期,覆盖作物和耕作的反应
Karly H Regan, Christina A Voortman1, Mary E Barbercheck1
1Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Journal of economic entomology
|February 21, 2024
概括
延迟种植和使用滚筒式无耕作实践可以减少有机玉米中种子玉米 (Delia platura) 的出现. 覆盖作物的豆类比例也影响了害虫水平,有助于有机种植者做出决定.
科学领域:
- 农业昆虫学 农业昆虫学
- 有机作物生产 有机作物生产
- 虫害管理 虫害管理 虫害管理
背景情况:
- 种子玉米 (Delia platura) 是美国玉米和大豆生产的重要早期季节害虫.
- 种子床准备的耕种实践可以通过结合吸引卵位的吸引剂来加剧种子玉米的问题.
- 种植度日模型用于害虫防治,但它们在有机系统中的应用尚未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估覆盖作物,耕作和种植日期对有机玉米和大豆中种子玉米虫出现的影响.
- 为优化有机农业系统中的害虫管理策略提供数据.
- 评估不同覆盖作物管理技术在减轻种子玉米虫种群的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在宾夕法尼亚州中部在有机转型和认证阶段进行了两个实地实验.
- 研究了覆盖作物,耕作 (包括滚筒耕作) 和相对种植日期对害虫出现的影响.
- 在各种管理场景下,在玉米和大豆中出现量化种子玉米虫.
主要成果:
- 延迟1-2周的种植减少了玉米但不是大豆中的种子玉米虫的出现.
- 玉米总是比大豆有更高的种子玉米虫出现率 (6倍多的).
- 耕地管理的覆盖作物导致种子玉米虫的出现率增加了15倍,而不是滚筒,无耕作处理.
- 覆盖作物中的豆类比例增加与种子玉米虫出现负相关.
结论:
- 延迟种植和滚筒式无耕作实践是减少有机玉米中种子玉米虫压力的有效策略.
- 覆盖作物的成分,特别是豆类含量,可以影响种子玉米虫种群.
- 这些发现为中大西洋地区的有机种植者提供了有价值的见解,以制定综合性害虫和作物管理决策.
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