:

Kenta Onuma1, Masaki Watanabe1, Nobuya Sasaki1

  • 1Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi-23, Towada, Aomori 034-0021, Japan.

Experimental animals
|February 21, 2024
PubMed
概括

微笑尺度为客观评估动物疼痛提供了一种简单,实用的方法. 本综述探讨了其"子侧"可用性,以改善动物福利和实验可重复性.

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