在自闭症谱系障碍的婴儿期白质发育和语言能力
Tyler C McFayden1, Joshua Rutsohn2, Gizem Cetin3
1Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, NC, USA. tyler_mcfayden@med.unc.edu.
Molecular psychiatry
|February 21, 2024
概括
白质道的早期差异,特别是右弧形囊,与后来被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的幼儿的表达性语言发展有关. 这种关联在24个月左右最强.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿科神经学 儿科神经学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是早期的语言异常.
- 白质 (WM) 纤维通道的差异在自闭症中观察到,并可能作为行为标记.
- 在典型发育中,WM与语言发展之间的关联已经确立,但在早期的ASD中尚未探索.
研究的目的:
- 研究白质 (WM) 微观结构与 ASD 高概率 (HL) 婴儿语言发育轨迹之间的关系.
- 识别与大脑发育和语言相关的ASD潜在的症状前标志物.
- 为了比较这些关联,婴儿后来发展出ASD (HL-ASD),那些没有 (HL-Neg),和低风险对照组 (LL-Neg).
主要方法:
- 利用扩散张力成像 (DTI) 数据来评估白质 (WM) 微观结构.
- 在6个月,12个月和24个月收集表达式和感受式语言数据.
- 采用混合效应回归模型来分析321名HL婴儿和140名LL-Neg婴儿的WM和语言轨迹之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 右弧形囊中的微观结构变化与表达性语言发展轨迹有显著的关联.
- 后来被诊断为ASD (HL-ASD) 的婴儿显示出明显的发育模式,WM分数异构与语言之间有积极的关联.
- 对照组 (HL-Neg和LL-Neg) 在右弧形囊与语言发育之间表现出很弱或根本没有关联.
结论:
- 右弧形囊与ASD幼儿的语言发育有关,在24个月左右观察到最强的关联.
- 这项研究提供了第一个证据,证明了在ASD前症状期内WM发育和语言之间的关联.
- 研究结果表明,早期WM发育,特别是在弧形囊中,可能是ASD观察到的语言异常的一个关键因素.
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