在肯尼亚的玉米种子部门监管捕获的实证研究
Lodewijk Guido K Van Dycke1, Harriet Mawia2, Pieter Rutsaert2
1Law and Development Research Group, University of Antwerp, Stadscampus - Gebouw V, S.V.122, Venusstraat 23, Antwerpen, 2000, Belgium.
概括
肯尼亚的种子法保护当地市场,但过度的程序阻碍了新的玉米品种的采用. 建议进行改进,以促进竞争和农民获得适应气候的种子.
科学领域:
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 知识产权法 知识产权法
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲地区的公共部门育种计划依赖当地种子公司提供新的玉米品种,这对气候变化适应至关重要.
- 肯尼亚的玉米种子市场的特点是肯尼亚种子公司的主导地位,与日益增长的跨国存在,影响当地中小企业.
- 该研究调查了半国家和跨国实体对肯尼亚种子法律的潜在"监管捕获",影响竞争和当地公司的能力.
研究的目的:
- 评估肯尼亚的种子法律是否有利于半国家和跨国种子公司而不是当地中小企业.
- 评估这些法律对市场竞争和新杂交玉米品种的引入的影响.
- 确定种子法律的潜在改进,以促进品种营业额和支持当地公司.
主要方法:
- 与在肯尼亚经营的玉米种子公司进行了深入采访,重点关注特定的法律条款.
- 采访了肯尼亚种子行业的监管机构和关键利益相关者.
- 分析法律框架及其对市场参与者的实际影响.
主要成果:
- 肯尼亚的本地种子公司在与半国家或跨国竞争对手相比没有任何劣势.
- 所有本地公司都对新市场参与者的进入表示谨慎.
- 肯尼亚政府通过广泛的监管程序对种子部门保持着重要的控制权.
- 种子公司通常认为肯尼亚的种子法律在技术上是合理的,并在保护性市场环境中舒适地运营.
结论:
- 虽然当地公司感到受到保护,但过度的监管程序对品种营业额构成了障碍.
- 肯尼亚的种子法律虽然基于国际规范,但需要进行调整,以加强竞争和创新.
- 建议改进种子法,平衡政府利益与需要更大的市场活力和农民获得改进的玉米品种的需求.
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