固体废物管理选项的社会成本效益分析,适用于印度孟买
Nishith Jardosh1, Vinish Kathuria1
1Shailesh J Mehta School of Management (SJMSOM), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, India.
概括
固体废物的公开倾倒是一个重大挑战,但对社会成本的计算揭示了替代品的好处. 即使投资一小部分预算用于先进的废物管理,也会大大降低社会成本.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 废物管理 废物管理
背景情况:
- 固体废物管理是一个重大的环境,技术和经济挑战,特别是在发展中国家.
- 城市地方政府 (ULB) 面临着难以超越公开倾销的困难,原因是替代方法的社会成本和好处未得到量化.
- 当前的废物管理实践往往忽视了成本和效益的全方位,导致了不理想的决策.
研究的目的:
- 进行全面的社会成本效益分析 (SCBA),将公开倾销 (OD) 与卫生垃圾填埋,堆肥,生物甲,焚烧和气化等替代方案进行比较.
- 通过应用SCBA的研究结果,考虑技术可行性和预算限制,确定孟买的最佳废物管理策略.
- 量化与当前废物管理实践相关的社会成本和采用替代技术的潜在节约.
主要方法:
- 社会成本效益分析 (SCBA) 评估各种废物管理选项.
- 在考虑技术和财务因素的前提下,对孟买最适合的废物管理组合进行了限制性优化.
- 在30年的时间里计算社会成本的净当前价值 (NPV).
主要成果:
- 当仅考虑私人成本和收益时,优先考虑OD和卫生垃圾填埋场的混合.
- 考虑外部成本和收益将偏好转移到诸如焚烧和气化等先进的替代方案.
- 目前在孟买的OD实践造成的社会成本的NPV在30年内在60亿至90亿美元之间.
- 将ULB的资本预算中仅有五分之一用于替代方案,可以通过向复杂技术转移,将社会成本的NPV减半.
结论:
- 社会成本效益分析为评估废物管理选项提供了比私人成本效益分析更准确的框架.
- 即使资金有限,投资于先进的废物管理技术也能带来长期的经济和环境效益.
- 政策干预和战略预算拨款对于发展中国家从公开倾倒转向可持续固体废物管理至关重要.
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