治疗托拉车和战争的无辜受害者
1School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Bioethics
|February 22, 2024
概括
战争的平民受害者,就像电车问题中的伤亡者一样,需要赔偿和医疗护理,以弥补遭受的伤害. 了解这些损害的责任对于冲突地区的伦理义务至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 国际人道主义法 国际人道主义法
- 战争研究 战争研究
背景情况:
- 战争中的平民伤亡与电车问题中的受害者有相似之处,突出了伤害和责任的问题.
- 被定义为在军事行动期间不可避免的伤害的附带伤害,是冲突中平民的一个重大问题.
- 目前国家军队在向平民受害者提供赔偿和医疗保健方面的做法不一致,并且在道德上复杂.
研究的目的:
- 探索有关责任的直觉,以及对战争的平民受害者提供赔偿和医疗护理的义务.
- 分析向遭受附带伤害的平民提供赔偿与医疗护理的伦理理由.
- 检查冲突地区医疗资源分配差异的伦理影响.
主要方法:
- 概念分析绘制平行图之间的电车问题和战争中的平民伤害.
- 对国家责任,赔偿和为平民受害者提供医疗保健的伦理审查.
- 在最近的冲突中审查有关慰问金和医疗援助的军事实践.
主要成果:
- 在战争中对平民造成的伤害,包括附带伤害,需要类似于假设困境中受害者的赔偿.
- 国家军队经常否认对附带伤害的法律责任,使用补偿用于战略目的 (反叛乱,代理人遗憾).
- 与其他生病/受伤的平民相比,对附带伤害受害者提供不同的医疗护理引发了伦理方面的担忧,因为医疗护理应该基于需求.
结论:
- 对战争的平民受害者,为合理的,可原谅的或疏忽的伤害赔偿的伦理义务是很重要的.
- 虽然赔偿可能是合理的,但医疗保健的提供必须严格遵守慈善和医疗需要的原则,无论伤害的来源如何.
- 在战争中,特别是在人道主义干预中,提供全面的平民医疗保健是一种未被承认的,深远的道德义务,具有重大的道德和财务影响.
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