外周神经阻塞在关节骨折的手术前管理:一个系统的审查和网络元分析
Minoru Hayashi1, Norio Yamamoto2, Naoto Kuroda3
1Department of Emergency Medicine Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Yotsui, Fukui, Japan.
Annals of emergency medicine
|February 22, 2024
概括
对于关节骨折的外围神经阻塞显著减少了手术后的疼痛. 与其他方法相比,周囊神经群阻断可能提供更好的疼痛缓解,但需要更多高质量的研究.
科学领域:
- 麻醉学和疼痛管理
- 整形外科手术 整形外科手术
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 骨折是老年患者严重疼痛的常见原因.
- 有效的手术前疼痛管理对于患者的舒适性和手术结果至关重要.
- 外围神经阻塞越来越多地用于部骨折患者的止痛.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和比较不同外围神经阻断技术在关节骨折中进行手术前疼痛管理的疗效.
- 为了评估疼痛评分,阿片类药物消耗和住院时间.
- 评估每个干预措施的证据质量.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验的系统审查和贝叶斯网络元分析.
- 包括对外围神经阻塞或治疗骨折疼痛的止痛药的研究.
- 主要结局:疼痛评分在2小时,吗啡相当的消耗,住院时间.
- 使用CINeMA评估的证据的可信度.
主要成果:
- 纳入了63项随机对照试验,涉及4778名参与者,其中大多数具有高偏差风险.
- 股骨神经阻断,3合1阻断,3 iliaca 隔膜阻断和周囊神经群阻断都减少了2小时的疼痛评分,与没有阻断相比.
- 周囊神经群阻断显示出潜在的优势,比大腿神经阻断和腹膜下垂体隔间阻断减轻疼痛,虽然证据是低到非常低.
- 在大多数外围神经阻塞和没有阻塞之间,没有发现吗啡消耗或住院时间的显著差异.
结论:
- 手术前的外围神经阻塞有效地减少部骨折手术后的急性疼痛.
- 周囊神经群阻断可能比股骨神经阻断或腹膜 iliaca 隔间阻断更有效,但证据质量有限.
- 现有研究中的高异质性和偏差风险需要进一步的高质量研究来证实研究结果并指导临床实践.
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