在潜在的创伤性经历之后的精神病理学中性别差异
Yasmin B Kofman1, Sophie Selbe2, Peter Szentkúti3
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.
JAMA network open
|February 22, 2024
概括
这项研究发现,当考虑先前存在的心理健康状况时,创伤后精神病理学的性别差异更为明显. 了解这些性别特异性模式对于创伤暴露后的有针对性的干预至关重要.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 创伤后精神病理可以以各种方式表现,但这些表现中的性别差异尚未得到充分理解.
- 调查创伤后心理健康障碍的性别特异性发病率对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 创伤前心理病理可能会影响创伤后障碍的发展和表现.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究创伤后精神病理的性别特异性发病率.
- 探索创伤前心理病理学如何改变创伤暴露和随后的心理健康结果之间的关系.
- 为了确定与不同的性别特异性精神疾病相关的特定潜在创伤性事件 (PTE).
主要方法:
- 从1994年到2016年,使用丹麦国家卫生登记册进行了基于人口的队列研究.
- 包括暴露于至少八种潜在创伤性事件 (PTE) 中之一的个体.
- 与暴露于非创伤性压力因素的参考队列进行比较 (一级亲属的非自杀死亡).
- 疾病与相关健康问题的国际统计分类的评估,第十次修订 (ICD-10) 精神疾病在PTE五年内.
- 计算标准化发病率 (SMRs) 以比较暴露和参考组之间的发病率.
主要成果:
- 总共有1,398,026个人被纳入;男性为34.0%,女性为66.0%.
- 药物使用障碍在男性 (7.4%) 中最常见,女性中抑郁障碍 (3.2%) 在PTE后最常见.
- 当考虑创伤前心理病理时,心理病理模式的性别差异更为明显.
- 特定的PTE显示出明显的关联:男性与精神分裂症相关的身体攻击 (SMR 17.5) 和女性的性格障碍 (SMR 16.3).
- 非人际关系PTE在药物使用,精神分裂症和人格障碍的男性中显示出更高的SMR,而女性在抑郁障碍中显示出更高的SMR.
结论:
- 创伤的心理健康后果表现出广泛的性别差异,特别是当考虑创伤前心理病理时.
- 调查结果强调了性别特异性考虑在理解和解决创伤后心理健康结果方面的重要性.
- 这项研究为开发与性别相关的干预和创伤后精神病理学未来研究方向提供了见解.
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