美国成年人视力障碍和心理社会功能
Louay Almidani1, Rhonda Miller1, Varshini Varadaraj2
1Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
JAMA ophthalmology
|February 22, 2024
概括
老年人视力障碍与增加的抑郁,焦虑和社会隔离有关. 这些发现凸显了对视力丧失患者进行更好的支持和研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 老年病的医生 老年病的医生
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 视力障碍是美国疾病的重要原因,影响心理社会福祉.
- 有限的国家数据存在于视力障碍和COVID-19后的心理社会功能之间的关联.
- 老年人特别容易受到视力丧失的心理社会影响.
研究的目的:
- 确定65岁及以上美国成年人视力障碍和心理健康结果之间的联系的当前国家估计.
- 检查客观测量和自我报告的视力障碍与抑郁症状,焦虑症状和社会隔离之间的关系.
- 为了在COVID-19大流行之后提供最新的数据.
主要方法:
- 国家健康和衰老趋势研究 (2019年和2021年) 的横截面分析.
- 纳入65岁以上的医疗保险受益人的全国代表性样本.
- 客观视觉评估包括距离敏度,近距离敏度和对比度敏感度;主观评估使用自我报告. 使用患者健康问卷测量抑郁和焦虑症状;社会隔离是由生活安排,沟通和活动参与来定义的.
主要成果:
- 在2822名参与者中,32.3%的人有客观测量的视力障碍,6.4%的人有自我报告的视力障碍.
- 客观测量的视力障碍与抑郁症状 (OR,1.81),焦虑症状 (OR,1.74) 和严重的社会孤立 (OR,2.01) 有显著的关联.
- 自我报告的视力障碍与抑郁症状 (OR,2.37) 和焦虑症状 (OR,2.10) 有显著的关联,但与严重的社会隔离无关.
结论:
- 客观和自我报告的视力障碍与美国老年人的不良心理社会结果有显著的联系.
- 这些发现强调了解决视力障碍的重要性,以改善心理健康并减少这一群体的社会隔离.
- 进一步的研究和干预是有必要的,以提高视力障碍患者的健康和社会包容.
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