在成年人中解开自闭症和ADHD之间的重叠:一种多方法方法
Lucy H Waldren1, Florence Y N Leung1, Luca D Hargitai1
1Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
概括
自闭症和注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 在成年人中重叠,注意力控制特征可能会弥合这两种情况. 然而,注意力控制并不能完全解释自闭症和ADHD特征之间的共同差异.
科学领域:
- 神经多样性研究的神经多样性研究
- 认知科学是一种认知科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症和注意力缺陷多动性障碍 (ADHD) 的同时发生是常见的,但由于诊断局限性,在成年人中历史上未得到充分研究.
- 以前的研究主要集中在儿童和青少年身上,忽视了这些神经发育状况的终身性质.
- 缺乏开放科学实践进一步阻碍了对自闭症-ADHD交叉条件关联的大规模调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查成年人中自闭症和多动症多动症之间的特征水平关联.
- 识别潜在的跨诊断过程,特别关注注意力控制.
- 检查注意力控制在自闭症和ADHD之间的认知重叠中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在两个研究中,网络分析了5504名成年人中自闭症和多动症特征的自我报告措施.
- 第三项预先注册的研究 (n=500) 评估了自闭症和ADHD特征对注意力控制的贡献.
- 采用了成熟的测量方法和开放的数据集来进行可靠的分析.
主要成果:
- 低的项目间连接性证实了自闭症和多动症作为可分离的构造.
- 主观的社交享受和过度活跃-冲动性分别对自闭症和多动症最具特异性.
- 注意力控制特征表现出最大的"预期影响桥",表明跨诊断作用,尽管它们不能完全解释自闭症和ADHD特征之间的共变性.
结论:
- 自闭症和ADHD在成年人中是不同的,但重叠的疾病.
- 注意力控制是潜在的跨诊断因素,需要进一步调查.
- 这些发现突显了对神经多样性的成年人研究的需要,这些研究得到了开放科学原则的支持.
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