压力后的神经敏感性预测无症症状:为期2年的多波纵向研究
Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum1,2, David Pagliaccio3,4, Diego A Pizzagalli5,6
1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Jaclyn.Kirshenbaum@nyspi.columbia.edu.
Translational psychiatry
|February 22, 2024
概括
急性压力会影响参与奖励处理的大脑区域,可能导致无情感. 这项研究发现,压力后奖励敏感度降低预测了青少年随着时间的推移而增加的无症严重程度.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 动物模型表明,急性压力会损害神经区域处理奖励和惩罚,导致无情感.
- 人类对压力诱导的神经变化和无情感的研究有限,但对于理解情感障碍风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究急性压力如何影响青少年对奖励和损失的神经反应.
- 为了确定神经激活中的与压力相关的变化是否会缓和生活压力和无情感,抑郁和焦虑症状之间的纵向关系.
主要方法:
- fMRI (功能磁共振成像) 用于评估神经对奖励和损失的反应,在85名青少年 (年龄12-14岁) 中,在急性压力因素之前和之后.
- 参与者在两年内完成了临床评估和自我报告生活压力和症状的测量.
- 我们使用线性混合效应模型来分析神经激活变化的缓解效应对生活压力和症状严重程度之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 患有压力诱导的右腹条纹体对奖励反应减少的青少年显示,生活压力和无症严重程度之间存在更强的联系.
- 与压力相关的背上条纹体 (状体,状体) 奖励反应增加缓解了生活压力和抑郁症严重程度之间的关联.
- 与压力相关的背部前带状皮层和右前带状皮层对损失的反应减轻了生活压力和焦虑严重程度之间的关联.
结论:
- 这些发现与动物模型一致,突出了神经机制,将压力,无情感和情感障碍联系起来.
- 显著的神经通路可能是压力诱导的无情感的基础,而不是抑郁和焦虑症状的发展.
- 在急性压力后对奖励和损失的神经反应是预测青少年纵向症状轨迹的关键生物标志物.
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