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生物分子证据表明,在青铜时代晚期,小米的依赖程度发生了变化

Eleftheria Orfanou^1,2,3, Barbara Zach^4,5,6, Adam B Rohrlach^7,8

¹Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. eleftheria_orfanou@eva.mpg.de.

Scientific reports

|February 22, 2024

概括

青铜时代中欧的小米消费始于中青铜时代,并在青铜时代晚期激增,可能对气候变化产生缓冲作用. 这项研究分析了来自埋葬的人类遗骸,为古代饮食提供了新的见解.

科学领域:

考古学的考古学
古生态学古生态学
营养科学营养科学

背景情况:

中欧的青铜时代经历了重大的社会转变,小米的到来与增加的连通性有关.
了解生存策略至关重要,但火葬仪式限制了该地区的生物分子分析.
埋葬地点为研究饮食和文化习惯提供了罕见的机会.

研究的目的:

为了研究中德中青铜时代小米消费的时间表和规模.
探索影响小米采用和饮食变化的社会经济和环境因素.
在埋葬的遗骸上利用考古学方法来克服火葬埋葬的局限性.

主要方法:

人类遗骸的稳定同位素分析.
考古学背景的放射性碳测年.
植物遗骸的考古植物学分析 (烧焦的颗粒).

主要成果:

在中青铜时代 (MBA) 之前,小麦的消费是没有的.
大量的小米消费发生在早期的青铜时代晚期 (LBA) (大约. 公元前1300年至公元前1050年).
在后来的LBA (大约在1900年) 时,小米消费量下降或停止. 公元前1050-800年),尽管谷物继续存在.

结论:

小米的引入和随后的消费激增反映了复杂的文化和经济动态.
小米可能作为一种适应气候变化的作物,减轻干旱和作物失败的风险.
这项研究强调了埋葬地点对于了解青铜时代生存和适应的重要性.

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