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注意力缺陷/多动症障碍注意力缺陷/多动症

Stephen V Faraone¹, Mark A Bellgrove², Isabell Brikell^3,4,5

¹Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. svfaraone@upstate.edu.

Nature reviews. Disease primers

|February 22, 2024

概括

注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种常见的神经发育状况,具有遗传根源. 虽然不能治愈,但基于证据的治疗方法可以有效地管理ADHD的症状并改善功能.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
遗传学遗传学是一个
精神病学是一个精神病学.

背景情况:

注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD),也称为高动力障碍,是一种普遍存在的全球神经发育状况.
它的病因主要是遗传,涉及常见和罕见的遗传变异,尽管环境因素也受到研究.
ADHD呈现异质,具有多种症状,并发症,神经认知障碍和微妙的大脑差异.

研究的目的:

提供ADHD的全面概述,包括其病因,表现,诊断和治疗.
突出目前对ADHD作为一种复杂的神经发育障碍的理解.
讨论正在进行的针对个性化方法的研究方向.

主要方法:

关于ADHD遗传学,环境相关性和临床表现的现有文献的审查.
分析诊断标准的可靠性和有效性.
基于证据的药理和非药理治疗结果的评估.

主要成果:

ADHD是一种基因影响的神经发育障碍,具有显著的异质性.
标准诊断标准提供了可靠和有效的ADHD评估.
虽然没有治愈方法,但治疗方法显著减少了症状和功能障碍.

结论:

基于证据的治疗方法,包括药物和非药物干预措施,对于管理ADHD至关重要.
目前正在进行的研究旨在开发针对ADHD的个性化诊断和治疗策略.
治疗ADHD的重点是减轻症状和改善功能,而不是治疗.

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