慢性病的全球健康不平等:一个元分析
Rachael Duff1, Omodolapo Awofala1, Muhammad Tahir Arshad1
1Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
概括
慢性病 (CKD) 影响全球13.0%,在老年人中患病率更高. 这项研究揭示了CKD的显著年龄,性别和社会经济差异,强调了有针对性的干预措施的必要性.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 慢性病 (CKD) 是全球主要的健康问题,在全球范围内对疾病和死亡作出重大贡献.
- 了解不同人口群体中CKD患病率的差异对于有效的公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为CKD提供最新的全球流行率估计.
- 调查基于年龄,性别和社会经济地位的CKD患病率的差异.
主要方法:
- 119项研究的系统审查和元分析,分析了超过2900万参与者的数据.
- 随机效应的元分析被用来确定整体流行率和3-5阶段的CKD的流行率.
- 小组分析和元回归研究了年龄,性别和社会经济地位的影响,以及偏见风险评估.
主要成果:
- 据估计,CKD的整体全球患病率为13.0%,其中3-5期CKD影响6.6%.
- 患病率随着年龄的增长而增加,并与更高的体重指数,糖尿病和高血压有关.
- 虽然CKD阶段1-5的患病率在男性和女性中相似,但CKD阶段3-5在女性中更为普遍. 患病率因国家收入水平而异,中等收入国家在3-5阶段的CKD患病率较高.
结论:
- 这项研究强调了与年龄,性别和社会经济地位相关的CKD患病率的显著差异.
- 未来的研究和公共卫生工作应优先考虑有针对性的查,治疗和改善对护理的准入,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 加强数据监测对于全面了解和管理全球CKD负担至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:17Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
94
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
94
01:10Nephrons
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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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01:27Dialysis
309
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
309
01:11Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
89
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
89
01:23Renal Clearance
935
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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01:20Renal Corpuscle
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
2.1K