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相关概念视频

Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
31.5K
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

667
When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
667
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria02:21

Chemical and Solubility Equilibria

4.1K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if  ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
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Enthalpy of Solution02:39

Enthalpy of Solution

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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
24.8K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
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溶解热力学及其应用.

Arieh Ben-Naim1

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 23, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了溶解过程和热力学量的新定义,提供了更简单的分子解释和比较旧的措施的实际优势.

科学领域:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 热力学是一种热力学.
  • 解决方案化学 解决方案化学

背景情况:

  • 直到20世纪80年代使用的溶解过程的传统定义缺乏明确的分子解释.
  • 溶解中的热力学量现有的测量方法缺乏简单性和广泛适用性.

研究的目的:

  • 提出一种关于溶解过程的新,分子可解释的定义.
  • 引入一种新的测量方法,以提高解读性来测量吉布斯能量.
  • 突出用于溶解过程的新热力学数量的优点.

主要方法:

  • 对历史解决过程定义的审查和批评.
  • 基于分子解释的新定义的开发.
  • 对与新溶解定义相关的热力学量进行分析.

主要成果:

  • 通过简单的分子解释建立了溶解过程的新定义.
  • 解决的新测量吉布斯能量提供了简单的解释.
  • 拟议的热力学量与以前的措施相比,具有若干优势.

结论:

  • 新的定义提供了一个更直观的了解solvation.
关键词:
解决的吉布斯能量.解决方法 解决方法热力学 热力学 热力学

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  • 修订后的热力学量在化学研究中提供了更好的实用性.
  • 这项研究为了解溶解现象的新应用铺平了道路.