Pd(0) - 基连接不和碳酸的催化不对称循环/合级联:发展和解机制
Yi Zhang1, Lei Zhu2, Xue Song1
1Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
一种新的性 (0) 催化剂使不和碳酸的不对称循环形成,产生具有高反选择性的多种酸衍生物. 这种方法比以前的 (II) 催化反应具有更高的合成多功能性和选择性.
科学领域:
- 有机金属化学
- 不对称的催化
- 合成有机化学
背景情况:
- 已知 ((0)) 催化不和碳酸的循环,但缺乏机理理解和不对称的变体.
- 在有机合成中,开发用于构建复杂分子框架的反选择性方法至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种性 ((0)) 催化不对称的基结合的环合.
- 探索协同合反应和动态转换,以合成多种性酸衍生物.
- 阐明反应机制,并将开发的策略与现有的催化方法进行比较.
主要方法:
- 用于在甲醇中脱对称循环的合 () 复合物.
- 研究了双重的苏苏基合,索诺加希拉合和化学选择性还原反应.
- 应用密度函数理论 (DFT) 计算以合理化催化路径.
主要成果:
- 通过四基或三基替代*exo*-基基因的有效合成,具有中等到卓越的反选择性.
- 证明了独特的cis-difunctionalization模式,并成功扩展到线性和双基底.
- 通过连接物或基质控制的途径产生奇拉产物的赛米基质的报道动态转化.
结论:
- 化 ((0)) 催化策略为复杂的酸衍生物提供了一种多功能且高度选择性的途径.
- 开发的方法在选择性和合成范围方面超过了传统的催化方法.
- DFT计算证实了氧化循环金属化途径,解释了观察到的*cis*-非功能化.
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相关概念视频
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration
Analogous to alkenes, alkynes also undergo acid-catalyzed hydration. While the addition of water to an alkene gives an alcohol, hydration of alkynes produces different products such as aldehydes and ketones.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction
