在正规教育的第一年,在典型的阅读发展中,字母-语音的整合是典型的阅读发展
Joanna Beck1,2, Katarzyna Chyl1,3, Agnieszka Dębska1
1Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw, Poland.
Child development
|February 24, 2024
概括
随着孩子学会整合字母和语音,阅读区域的大脑活动发生变化. 增加的多感官处理和后来的不一致效应与阅读发展相关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 阅读获取包括将视觉字母信息与听觉语音声音相结合.
- 了解这种整合的神经机制对于早期识别阅读困难至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经探索了参与阅读的大脑区域,但对LS整合的纵向研究是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 研究7-9岁典型读者的字母和语音 (LS) 集成的神经基础.
- 在阅读教育的两年时间里,检查与多感官与单感官LS处理相关的大脑激活的变化.
- 分析LS整合中的对等效应的演变及其与阅读发展的关系.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于扫描53个典型读者 (年龄7-9岁).
- 参与者每年进行fMRI扫描,持续两年.
- 分析了多感官 (字母 + 语音) 和单感官 (字母或单独的语音) 刺激之间的差异,以及一致和不一致的LS对之间的大脑活动.
主要成果:
- 随着时间的推移,左上叶皮和双边下额叶皮表现出增加激活多感官LS集成与单感官处理相比.
- 这种增长主要是由于在多感官集成过程中减少了对语音的激活.
- 最初没有观察到对等效应的显著变化,但在9岁时,不对等的LS对出现了高度激活,与阅读技能差异相关.
结论:
- 在早期阅读教育期间,LS集成的神经处理发生了显著的变化.
- 发展阅读技能与大脑区域的改变招募有关,这些区域参与多感官和语言处理.
- 演变不一致效应表明,大脑处理冲突的LS信息的能力以不同的速度发展,受个人阅读能力的影响.
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