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相关概念视频

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence
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皮肤再氧化衰老 皮肤再氧化衰老

Mariáurea Matias Sarandy1,2, Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves2,3, Giuseppe Valacchi1,4,5

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.

Biomedicines
|February 24, 2024
PubMed
概括

环境和生活方式因素会通过破坏氧化还原平衡来诱导皮肤细胞衰老,从而导致氧化应激. 这种氧化应激会损害细胞组件并激活关键通路,最终促进衰老.

关键词:
生物化学 生物化学皮肤老化的衰老.这是一种炎症炎症炎症炎症.分子信号传递是分子信号传递.有活性氧物种的反应性氧物种.

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科学领域:

  • 皮肤病学 皮肤病学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 氧化压力研究研究 氧化压力研究

背景情况:

  • 皮肤细胞衰老受环境,生活方式和遗传因素的影响.
  • 这些因素通常会破坏细胞的氧化还原平衡,导致氧化应激.
  • 氧化应激源于自由基,活性氧物种 (ROS) 和抗氧化防御之间的不平衡.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明皮肤细胞衰老背后的氧化还原机制.
  • 为了确定皮肤细胞中ROS的主要点.
  • 突出氧化应激在激活衰老途径和衰老相关分泌表型 (SASP) 中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 审查和综合目前对皮肤衰老机制的理解.
  • 确定参与ROS诱导衰老的关键分子通路.
  • 对细胞点和氧化应激下游影响的分析.

主要成果:

  • 关键的氧化还原机制包括端粒缩短,蛋白质组氧化,DNA损伤,溶酶体质量增加 (例如SA-β-gal活性) 和SASP升高.
  • 皮肤蛋白质组 (氧蛋白质组) 是ROS的主要点,其次是端粒,核酸,脂质,蛋白质和有机体.
  • 氧化应激激活细胞循环停止通路 (p16INK4A,p53),促进脂质过氧化,溶酶体功能障碍,线粒体问题和SASP,包括NF-κB调节的细胞因子.

结论:

  • 氧化应激是通过多个分子途径导致皮肤细胞衰老的核心驱动因素.
  • 确认衰老需要多次分析,因为单个标记可能不足.
  • 对氧-炎症通路的进一步调查对于全面了解皮肤氧化还原衰老至关重要.