祖先特定的多基因风险评分,饮食模式,体力活动和心血管疾病
Dale S Hardy1, Jane T Garvin2, Tesfaye B Mersha3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
Nutrients
|February 24, 2024
概括
高质量的饮食和体育活动可以降低心血管疾病的风险,即使对于具有高遗传倾向 (多基因风险评分) 的个体. 这些生活方式因素在欧洲和非洲裔美国人中显示出显著的好处.
科学领域:
- 心血管疾病流行病学
- 遗传学和个性化医学
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 遗传倾向 (多基因风险评分 - PRS) 和生活方式因素 (饮食质量,体育活动) 对心血管疾病风险的相互作用在不同的祖先中尚未完全理解.
- 以前的研究表明,PRS对疾病风险的影响各不相同,但其与生活方式干预措施的相互作用仍然是一个需要澄清的领域.
研究的目的:
- 调查高质量的饮食和体力活动是否会改变欧洲裔美国人和非裔美国人的多基因风险评分 (PRS) 和动脉样硬化心血管疾病 (ASCVD) 风险之间的关联.
- 识别受PRS和生活方式干预影响的潜在分子通路.
主要方法:
- 从1987年至2010年对非身份数据的横截面分析,包括自我报告的欧洲裔美国人 (n=6575) 和非洲裔美国人 (n=1606).
- 评估PRS水平,分类为三级动物,以及它们与ASCVD风险的关联.
- 评估高质量的饮食 (DASH,地中海,南方饮食) 与体力活动相结合对不同PRS领域的ASCVD风险的影响.
主要成果:
- 高风险的PRS在两种祖先中都显著增加了ASCVD风险,与欧洲裔美国人相比,非洲裔美国人 (RR=1.59) 的影响更为明显 (RR=1.15-1.18).
- 高水平的体力活动和饮食组合 (DASH,地中海) 显著降低了ASCVD风险在两个群体中最高的PRS第三者,特别是非洲裔美国人 (RR=0.87-0.82).
- 确定的分子通路包括果糖代谢,肥胖,胰岛素抵抗,2型糖尿病,维生素D,抑郁,衰老和癌症信号.
结论:
- 高质量的饮食和体育活动可以有效地抵消与高多基因风险得分相关的ASCVD风险增加,特别是在非洲裔美国人中.
- 生活方式干预表明,在不同的祖先群体中,有很大的潜力减轻遗传影响的ASCVD风险.
- 对特定分子通路的进一步研究可以为有针对性的预防策略提供信息.
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