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维生素D补充剂和先前的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种减少了成年人中COVID-19结局的几率,最近接受了无活化脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种
Brittany A Comunale1, Yea-Jen Hsu1, Robin J Larson2,3
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Vaccines
|February 24, 2024
概括
脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种可能会提供对COVID-19的一些保护. 诸如维生素D,就业状况和先前的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 剂量等因素影响了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染和症状.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 脊髓灰质炎病毒和SARS-CoV-2之间的结构相似性表明潜在的交叉保护性免疫.
- 没有先前的研究调查了最近接种了脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的成年人COVID-19风险因素.
研究的目的:
- 确定与SARS-CoV-2感染相关的生物因素和健康的社会决定因素 (SDOH),COVID-19症状和症状持续时间.
- 专注于没有先前COVID-19病史的成年人,他们最近接受了非活化脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (IPV).
主要方法:
- 在注册后的12个月内,评估了282名最近接种IPV的成年人.
- 利用参与者报告的调查和使用双变量和多变量回归模型分析数据.
- 评估生物因素,SDOH和COVID-19结果之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 维生素D补充剂显著降低了SARS-CoV-2阳性 (OR 0.12) 和症状 (OR 0.09) 的几率.
- 与全职工人相比,失业者/兼职工人的阳性测试几率较低 (72%的减少).
- 缺乏先前的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 剂量是SARS-CoV-2感染 (OR 4.36) 和症状 (OR 6.95) 的强有力的预测因素.
结论:
- 预防措施和粘膜免疫可以减轻COVID-19的风险和严重程度.
- 研究结果表明,疫苗接种策略和预防措施可能对公共卫生产生影响.
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