在和人类行走时肌肉活动和协同作用的比较研究
François Druelle1, Marco Ghislieri2, Pablo Molina-Vila3
1Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique, UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN-UPVD, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75116 Paris, France; Primatology Station of the CNRS, UAR 846, 2230 route des quatre tours, 13790 Rousset, France; Functional Morphology Laboratory, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken (Building D), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
Journal of human evolution
|February 24, 2024
概括
研究的运动表明,虽然非适应的双脚可以实现基本的行走,但人类的双脚表现出精细的神经肌肉控制. 这表明早期的原始人可能从肌肉协调的微小改进中受益,以获得高效的双脚.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 双脚运动是人类进化的一个关键特征,但它的运动控制方面尚不清楚.
- 化石证据提供了解剖学的见解,但在运动过程中神经肌肉控制的直接研究是有限的.
- 使用表现为双脚的动物进行比较的模型可以阐明进化过渡到习惯性双脚的过程.
研究的目的:
- 研究在四足和两足运动期间的神经肌肉控制组织.
- 为了比较的运动肌肉协同作用与人类双脚的肌肉协同作用.
- 了解在过渡到人类双脚的过程中对运动控制的进化压力.
主要方法:
- 表面电肌图 (sEMG) 用于两只在四足和两足行走时的六个外部肌肉.
- 使用非负矩阵因子化 (NMF) 提取肌肉协同效应.
- 分析包括将肌肉协同复杂性,激活持续时间和跨物种概括性与人类双足相比较.
主要成果:
- 巴双脚运动表现出不那么复杂的运动控制策略,而不是四足行走,肌肉活动和协同激活增加.
- 发现的双脚步行模式与人类的双脚步行模式相比,更类似于它们的四脚步行模式.
- 尽管满足了基本的推进和平衡要求,但双脚表现出了效率优化的空间.
结论:
- 中非适应双脚的神经肌肉控制满足了基本的机械需求,但缺乏人类双脚的精细化.
- 即使是肌肉协调的微小改进,例如减少协作激活,也可能是早期人类进化中的显著选择性优势.
- 这项研究强调了运动控制改进在推动高效双脚机动的演变中的重要性.
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